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Houma people
The Houma people are a historic Native American tribe located in Louisiana on the east side of the Red River of the South. Their descendants, the United Houma Nation, have been a state recognized tribe since 1972.〔("Welcome to the United Houma Nation." ) ''United Houma Nation.'' 12 Aug 2008 (retrieved 31 Oct 2011)〕 According to the tribe, they have about 17,000 enrolled tribal citizens residing within a six-parish (county) service area, which encompasses 4,750 square miles. The six parishes are the following: St. Mary, Terrebonne, Lafourche, Jefferson, Plaquemines, and St. Bernard parishes.
The city of Houma (meaning "red"), and the Red River were both named after this people. Oklahoma shares a similar etymology, as the root ''humma'' means "red" in Choctaw and related Western Muskogean languages, including Houma.
==Language==
The indigenous Houma language is thought to have fallen out of use by the late 19th century due to European-American encroachment. As a result of a language shift which began during the French colonial period and trading in Louisiana, a majority of Houma people today speak Louisiana French. American English is also widely spoken by the community. Additionally, in light of their distinct society and isolated geography, as many as 3,000 mostly elderly people living on Houma tribal lands in the Lafourche Basin are believed to be monolingual speakers of French.〔Brasseaux, Carl, ed. ''French, Cajun, Creole, Houma; A Primer on Francophone Louisiana.'' Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2005.〕
In 1907, Swanton interviewed an elderly Houma woman to collect vocabulary from her Houma language. More recently, efforts have been made to collect vocabulary and grammar from elders in order to revitalize the language. As Houma has been identified as being very similar to standard Choctaw, some linguists have concluded that the Houma spoke a Western Muskogean language (akin to Choctaw or Chickasaw). Other scholars have suggested that the data in Swanton's vocabulary is Mobilian Jargon. Some unidentified words may be from other languages spoken on the Mississippi. The Tunica referred to the Mobilian Jargon as ''húma ʼúlu'' (meaning "Houma's language").
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